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11.
Composition and flux of suspended organic matter in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) — impact of the Three Gorges Dam and the role of tributaries and channel erosion 下载免费PDF全文
To investigate the sources of particulate organic matter (POM) and the impact of Three Gorges Dam (TGD), two large lakes and erosion processes on determining the composition and flux of POM in low water discharge periods along the middle and lower Changjiang, suspended particulate samples were collected along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in January 2008. Organic geochemistry of bulk sediment (particulate organic carbon, organic carbon to nitrogen molar ratio (C/N), stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and grain size) and biomarker of bulk sediment (lignin phenols) were measured to trace the sources of POM. The range of C/N ratios (6.4–8.9), δ13C (?24.3‰ – ?26.2‰) and lignin phenols concentration Λ8 (0.45 mg/100 mg OC‐2.00 mg/100 mg OC) of POM suggested that POM originated from the mixture of soil, plant tissue and autochthonous organic matter (OM) during the dry season. POM from lakes contained a higher portion of terrestrial OM than the mainstream, which was related to sand mining and hydropower erosion processes. A three end‐member model based on δ13C and Λ8 was performed. The results indicated that soil contributed approximately 50% of OM to the POM, which is the dominant OM source in most stations. POM composition was affected by total suspended matter (TSM) and grain size composition, and the direct OM input from two lakes and channel erosion induced OM. The lower TSM concentration in January 2008 was mainly caused by seasonal variations; the impact from the TGD in the dry season was relatively small. A box model indicated that more than 90% of the terrestrial OM transported by the Changjiang in January 2008 was from the middle and lower drainage basins. Channel erosion induced OM, and contributions from Poyang Lake were the major terrestrial OM sources in the dry season. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(2):237-260
The northeastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath the Iranian block produced vast volcanic and plutonic rocks that now outcrop in central (Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage) and north–northeastern Iran (Alborz Magmatic Belt), with peak magmatism occurring during the Eocene. The Karaj Dam basement sill (KDBS), situated in the Alborz Magmatic Belt, comprises gabbro, monzogabbro, monzodiorite, and monzonite with a shoshonitic affinity. These plutonic rocks are intruded into the Karaj Formation, which comprise pyroclastic rocks dating to the lower–upper Eocene. The geochemical and isotopic signatures of the KDBS rocks indicate that they are cogenetic and evolved through fractional crystallization. They are characterized by an enrichment in LREEs relative to HREEs, with negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Geochemical modeling using Sm/Yb versus La/Yb and La/Sm ratios suggests a low-degree of partial melting of a phlogopite–spinel peridotite source to generate the KDBS rocks. Their low ISr = 0.70453–0.70535, ɛNd (37.2 Ma) = 1.54–1.9, and TDM ages ranging from 0.65 to 0.86 Ga are consistent with the melting of a Cadomian enriched lithospheric mantle source, metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab or sediments during magma generation. These interpretations are consistent with high ratios of 206Pb/204Pb = 18.43–18.67, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.59, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.42–38.71, indicating the involvement of subducted sediments or continental crust. The sill is considered to have been emplaced in an environment of lithospheric extension due to the slab rollback in the lower Eocene. This extension led to localized upwelling of the asthenosphere, providing the heat required for partial melting of the subduction-contaminated subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Alborz magmatic belt. Then, the shoshonitic melt generates the entire spectrum of KDBS rocks through assimilation and fractional crystallization during the ascent of the magma. 相似文献
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以三峡库区消落区表层沉积物为研究对象,通过对干湿交替沉积物中磷的赋存形式、吸附等温曲线的分析,揭示了干湿交替过程中沉积物磷的分布规律、吸附特征以及磷的源汇变化。结果表明:上覆水总磷变化呈现11月总磷<5月总磷<8月总磷。消落区覆水到出露沉积物最大磷吸附量、土壤最大缓冲能力在增加,磷零吸持平衡浓度、易解吸磷在降低,表明沉积物在夏季出露落干的过程中,固磷能力增强,释磷能力减弱;消落区土壤首次覆水过程中土壤磷呈现出由源到汇的转变。成库初期,覆水时沉积物主要表现为磷的积累,次年水库开闸放水排沙时,消落区表层富磷沉积物被冲刷排出。 相似文献
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针对三峡梯级枢纽综合效益的充分发挥及其对长江流域典型生态系统修复及持续改善的科学需求,通过分析发电效益与生态效益之间的制约竞争关系,以发电量最大和生态缺水量最小为目标建立了梯级电站多目标生态优化调度模型,对三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度进行了研究。同时,针对传统优化方法难以同时处理多个调度目标的固有缺陷,提出一种改进多目标差分进化算法对所构建模型进行高效求解。该方法针对差分进化算法在多目标协同优化和全局寻优能力等方面的不足,依据问题的特点重新设计了差分进化算法的进化算子,同时设计了一种多目标混沌搜索策略以加强算法的局部搜索能力。最后,依据多目标生态优化调度问题的特点设计了一种不需要设置惩罚因子的约束处理方法。通过三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度的实例应用,验证了本文所构建模型的合理性以及所提出算法的有效性和工程实用性。 相似文献
15.
水电工程坝基岩体溶蚀程度对坝体不均匀沉降影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水电站坝基岩体发生溶蚀以后会对大坝的稳定性带来较大的影响,本文以工程实例为依托,利用三维数值分析技术,分析计算了坝基岩体不同溶蚀程度对坝体不均匀沉降的影响.结果表明:当坝基岩体强烈溶蚀、中等溶蚀、轻微溶蚀以后,坝顶处的最大位移分别达到10cm、5.5cm、4cm.坝基岩体溶蚀程度越高,坝体各处不均匀沉降的程度越严重.在... 相似文献
16.
We describe the phytoplankton dynamics and structure in Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir. Samples were collected monthly in the surface waters between August 2007 and July 2008. We identified 10 principle functional groups. C-strategists and S/R-strategists with a wide range of tolerance dominated the phytoplankton assemblage. Seasonal variation was related to water column stability because of changes in hydraulic operation in October, January, and May. Functional group C (Asterionella formosa) and P (Au... 相似文献
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SKUA基岩三维地质建模 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以天津平原地区某个工区为例,介绍了三维地质模型建模的数据准备,SKUA建模的流程以及模型分析,共使用28条断层,6个地层的地质构造图,3条地质剖面构建了地质结构模型,表明SKUA建模是高效的和实用的。 相似文献
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